Terminalia belerica- Vibheetaki
It is one of the ingredients of the famous triphala or the three myrobalans(may refer to several unrelated fruit bearing plant species) . It is very easily available throughout India.
Based upon its clinical usage , it has been classified under the group of "kasa hara " oushadhas or cough relievers.
Family : Combretaceae (Trees, shrubs or lianas. Indumentum of simple hairs often present. Leaves, exstipulate, simple, entire, spirally arranged or alternate. Domatia and glands often present. Flowers bisexual or male, 4-5 merous, actinomorphic, in axillary spikes or racemes, epigynous. Bracteoles present or absent. Hypanthium usually in 2 distinct parts, the lower surrounding and adnate to the inferior ovary with the upper part projecting to form a short or long tube terminating in the 4-5 (-8) calyx lobes. Petals 0, 4-5. Stamens usually twice as many as petals (when the latter are present) , inserted inside calyx, in 2 series. Ovary unilocular, usually with 2-6 pendulous ovules. Fruit a drupaceous or dry pseudocarp, indehiscent, often winged or ridged, 1-seeded. A family of 20 genera and 500 species , wide spread in tropical and sub tropical regions of the world. )
Scientific name : Terminalia bellerica Roxb.
Nomenclature in other languages :
Sanskrit : vibheetaki, vibheetaka, anilanghnaka, aksham, kalidruma, bhootavasa
Hindi : baheda, bahera
Bengali : bohera
Tamil : tanti
Telugu : tani, tandi
English : Belleric myrobalan, Bahera tree
Distribution : Except in the desert areas of India, the tree grows in the wilderness of areas 900m above sea level.
According to Dymock, warden, Hooper : Pharmacographia indica 1890 :
" this tree, in sanskrit vibhita and vibhitaka (fearless), is avoided by the hindus of northern india, who will not sit in its shade, as it is supposed to be inhabited by demons. Two varieties of T.bellerica are found in India, one with nearly globular fruit, 1/2 to 3/4 inch in diameter, the other with ovate and much larger fruit. The pulp of the fruit is considered by hindu physicians to be astringent and laxative, and is prescribed with salt and long pepper in affections of the throat and chest. As a constituent of the triphala ie., embelic, beleric and chebulic myrobalans, it is employed in a great number of diseases , and the kernel is used sometimes as an external application to inflamed parts. On account of its medicinal properties the tree bears the sanskrit synonym of anila-ghnaka or wind killing. According to the nighantus the kernels are narcotic. "
Description :
It is a big tree that grows to a height of 20-30m. The trunk of this tree grows branchless for a long distance before branching out. Upon branching , it branches out profusely and the foilage is very wide and dense. It sheds off leaves in winter as well as summer. Leaves are big, oval to round shaped, opposite or sub-opposite ; 10-18cm long and 5-7cm broad. The inflorescence is from the axilla of the leaf. Flowers are small, light yellow coloured and has a pungent smell. In the inflorescence the upper part consists of male flowers while the lower part consists of bi sexual flowers. The sepals are tube shaped. It has no petals , but 5 separated parts covering the stamens and stigma. The stamens are 10 in a two circle of 5 each. The ovary is egg shaped. Fruits 2-3 cm diameter, 2-5cm long drupe. The unripe fruits are fleshy and covered by gery hairs, contains only one seed per fruit.
Chemical composition :
The fruit contains gallo tannic acid, colouring substances, resin, glucose, fructose etc.
The fruit contains beta - sitosterol, gallic and ellagic acids, ethyl gallate, galloyl glucose, chebulagic acid and a cardiac glycoside, bellaricanin.
The fruits produce hepato-protective effect in CCl4 induced liver injury in mice. Alcoholic extract of the fruit exerted a negative chrono and inotropic and hypotnesive effect of varying magnitude in a dose dependant fashion on isolated rat and frog atria and rabbit heart.
The fruit contains all contains all components of chebulic myrobalans except corilagin and chebulic acid.
The fleshy pulp contains 21.4% tannin, both condensed and hydrolisable types.
The flower showed spermicidal activity.
Dosage : Fruit- 3-6gm powder (API, Vol I )
Action : Fruit- purgative when half ripe, astringent when ripe; antipyretic; used in prescriptions for diarhhoea, dyspepsia, biliousness; cough, bronchitis and upper RTI; tropical pulmonary eosinophilia and allergic eruptions.
The API recommends the drug in powder form in emesis and worm infestation, in addition to other therapeutic applications.
Cures kapha, pitta and vata diseases. Also eye diseases, cough, constipation. Used for excessive thirst, vomitting. Oil is beneficial for nutrition and colour of hair.
Useful parts : Fruit
Ayurvedic properties :
Rasa : kashaya, tikta
Guna: rooksha, laghu
Virya: sheeta
Vipaka: madhura
Therapeutic usages :
-for cough outer covering of fruit powdered and taken 3-6gms mixed with honey or warm water taken thrice daily is beneficial
-for tonsilitis, cough a mixture of powder of vibhitaki, pippali and rock salt taken in butter milk is beneficial
-the kernel of bellerica 1gm powdered mixed with ghee is effective in premature ejaculation
-the triphala powder of which bellerica is an ingredient is used in eye diseases, anemia, constipation, cough, fever in a dosage of 3-6gm
विभीतकस्य नामानि गुणाश्च
विभीतक स्त्रीलिङ्ग स्यदक्ष कर्ष फलस्तथ
कलिद्रुमो भूतवासस्तथ कलियुगालय
विभीतकं स्वदुपाकम् कषायं कफ़पित्तनुत्त
उष्नवीर्यं हिमस्पर्शं भेदनं कासनाशनं
रूक्षंनेत्रहितं केश्यं क्रुमिवैस्वर्यनाशनम्
विभीतमज्ज त्रुत्चर्द्दि कफ़वातहरीलघु
कशायोमदकृचाथ धात्री मज्जानि तद गुण
It is one of the ingredients of the famous triphala or the three myrobalans(may refer to several unrelated fruit bearing plant species) . It is very easily available throughout India.
Based upon its clinical usage , it has been classified under the group of "kasa hara " oushadhas or cough relievers.
Family : Combretaceae (Trees, shrubs or lianas. Indumentum of simple hairs often present. Leaves, exstipulate, simple, entire, spirally arranged or alternate. Domatia and glands often present. Flowers bisexual or male, 4-5 merous, actinomorphic, in axillary spikes or racemes, epigynous. Bracteoles present or absent. Hypanthium usually in 2 distinct parts, the lower surrounding and adnate to the inferior ovary with the upper part projecting to form a short or long tube terminating in the 4-5 (-8) calyx lobes. Petals 0, 4-5. Stamens usually twice as many as petals (when the latter are present) , inserted inside calyx, in 2 series. Ovary unilocular, usually with 2-6 pendulous ovules. Fruit a drupaceous or dry pseudocarp, indehiscent, often winged or ridged, 1-seeded. A family of 20 genera and 500 species , wide spread in tropical and sub tropical regions of the world. )
Scientific name : Terminalia bellerica Roxb.
Nomenclature in other languages :
Sanskrit : vibheetaki, vibheetaka, anilanghnaka, aksham, kalidruma, bhootavasa
Hindi : baheda, bahera
Bengali : bohera
Tamil : tanti
Telugu : tani, tandi
English : Belleric myrobalan, Bahera tree
Distribution : Except in the desert areas of India, the tree grows in the wilderness of areas 900m above sea level.
According to Dymock, warden, Hooper : Pharmacographia indica 1890 :
" this tree, in sanskrit vibhita and vibhitaka (fearless), is avoided by the hindus of northern india, who will not sit in its shade, as it is supposed to be inhabited by demons. Two varieties of T.bellerica are found in India, one with nearly globular fruit, 1/2 to 3/4 inch in diameter, the other with ovate and much larger fruit. The pulp of the fruit is considered by hindu physicians to be astringent and laxative, and is prescribed with salt and long pepper in affections of the throat and chest. As a constituent of the triphala ie., embelic, beleric and chebulic myrobalans, it is employed in a great number of diseases , and the kernel is used sometimes as an external application to inflamed parts. On account of its medicinal properties the tree bears the sanskrit synonym of anila-ghnaka or wind killing. According to the nighantus the kernels are narcotic. "
Description :
It is a big tree that grows to a height of 20-30m. The trunk of this tree grows branchless for a long distance before branching out. Upon branching , it branches out profusely and the foilage is very wide and dense. It sheds off leaves in winter as well as summer. Leaves are big, oval to round shaped, opposite or sub-opposite ; 10-18cm long and 5-7cm broad. The inflorescence is from the axilla of the leaf. Flowers are small, light yellow coloured and has a pungent smell. In the inflorescence the upper part consists of male flowers while the lower part consists of bi sexual flowers. The sepals are tube shaped. It has no petals , but 5 separated parts covering the stamens and stigma. The stamens are 10 in a two circle of 5 each. The ovary is egg shaped. Fruits 2-3 cm diameter, 2-5cm long drupe. The unripe fruits are fleshy and covered by gery hairs, contains only one seed per fruit.
Chemical composition :
The fruit contains gallo tannic acid, colouring substances, resin, glucose, fructose etc.
The fruit contains beta - sitosterol, gallic and ellagic acids, ethyl gallate, galloyl glucose, chebulagic acid and a cardiac glycoside, bellaricanin.
The fruits produce hepato-protective effect in CCl4 induced liver injury in mice. Alcoholic extract of the fruit exerted a negative chrono and inotropic and hypotnesive effect of varying magnitude in a dose dependant fashion on isolated rat and frog atria and rabbit heart.
The fruit contains all contains all components of chebulic myrobalans except corilagin and chebulic acid.
The fleshy pulp contains 21.4% tannin, both condensed and hydrolisable types.
The flower showed spermicidal activity.
Dosage : Fruit- 3-6gm powder (API, Vol I )
Action : Fruit- purgative when half ripe, astringent when ripe; antipyretic; used in prescriptions for diarhhoea, dyspepsia, biliousness; cough, bronchitis and upper RTI; tropical pulmonary eosinophilia and allergic eruptions.
The API recommends the drug in powder form in emesis and worm infestation, in addition to other therapeutic applications.
Cures kapha, pitta and vata diseases. Also eye diseases, cough, constipation. Used for excessive thirst, vomitting. Oil is beneficial for nutrition and colour of hair.
Useful parts : Fruit
Ayurvedic properties :
Rasa : kashaya, tikta
Guna: rooksha, laghu
Virya: sheeta
Vipaka: madhura
Therapeutic usages :
-for cough outer covering of fruit powdered and taken 3-6gms mixed with honey or warm water taken thrice daily is beneficial
-for tonsilitis, cough a mixture of powder of vibhitaki, pippali and rock salt taken in butter milk is beneficial
-the kernel of bellerica 1gm powdered mixed with ghee is effective in premature ejaculation
-the triphala powder of which bellerica is an ingredient is used in eye diseases, anemia, constipation, cough, fever in a dosage of 3-6gm
विभीतकस्य नामानि गुणाश्च
विभीतक स्त्रीलिङ्ग स्यदक्ष कर्ष फलस्तथ
कलिद्रुमो भूतवासस्तथ कलियुगालय
विभीतकं स्वदुपाकम् कषायं कफ़पित्तनुत्त
उष्नवीर्यं हिमस्पर्शं भेदनं कासनाशनं
रूक्षंनेत्रहितं केश्यं क्रुमिवैस्वर्यनाशनम्
विभीतमज्ज त्रुत्चर्द्दि कफ़वातहरीलघु
कशायोमदकृचाथ धात्री मज्जानि तद गुण
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